AT2 - Alternative Theories (B) |
Speaker_ |
Lo, C. Y. |
Talk _ |
On Invalidity of the ¡°Principle of Covariance¡± and Deflection of Light to Second Order |
Abstract _ |
The ¡°covariance principle¡± has been proven invalid. However, G¨¦rard & Piereaux and Bodennor & Will claimed that results of deflection of light to second order are the same for different gauges. It is found that their calculation is based on only coordi-nate systems that have the same frame of reference. Moreover, the deflection to second order, if expressed in the measurable closest distance ¡°d¡±, the values are different since the ¡°impact parameter¡± b is different for a given gauge. They regarded b as the fundamental measurement, but they do not have a theory to support their assumption. Moreover, not every result obtained can be expressed as mathematically invariant. For instance, the ¡°event of horizon¡± for different gauges with the same frame of reference can be an arbitrary constant. The deflection of light to second order is a far more difficult problem since one must find the correct physical gauge. |